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Pacifism is the opposition to violence and war. The French peace campaigner Emile Arnaud coined the word. Other activists adopted it at the 10th Universal Peace Congress in Glasgow. It happened in 1901. Amisa is a related term, which is a philosophy in Hinduism, Jainism, and Buddhism. There have been modern connotations, which scholars have explicated since the 19th century (Janzen, 1982).
The base of Pacifism is moral principles or pragmatism. Two views that support the idea. The ''deontological'' and ''consequentialist'' approaches. In the event of war, interpersonal violence is wrong. It suggests that there are other ways of resolving disputes and that people must find them. However, if the opponent is willing to hurt others, then the target is justified to respond with force. Such a group is semi-pacifists (Jared, 1997).
Mohandas K. Gandhi was born in 1869. He was the first modern pacifist. He came from Porbandar, India, and led his high-profile life preaching political and social reforms via nonviolence. He experimented with numerous means of resolving conflict in the 1900s.
According to him, for passive resistance, there has to be an effort to understand and respect adversaries. Therefore, the people would find peaceful solutions. He called the campaign ''satyagraha'' or ''grasping for the truth.''
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