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The Declaration of Independence was a statement that the Continental Congress adopted on July 4, 1776. It meant that the 13 colonies now regarded themselves as independent sovereign states. Therefore, they were not part of the British Empire. At the time, they were at war with Great Britain. During the adoption, the battle had lasted for more than a year (Becker, 1970).
The relationship between the two had been deteriorating since 1763, at the end of the Seven Years' War. It had plunged the British governance into debt. Therefore, Parliament passed measures to increase tax revenue from the colonies. It believed that the Acts, for example, the Townshend Acts of 1776 and the Stamp Act of 1765 were legitimate means of meeting the costs of the empire.
The political maneuvering set the stage for the declaration of independence. However, there had to be a document explaining the decision. The Congress appointed a ''Committee of Five'' to draft it on June 11, 1776. It comprised of John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Robert R. Livingston, Roger Sherman, and Thomas Jefferson.
The committee did not leave any minutes. Hence, it is uncertain how the drafting process was. The accounts that Adams and Jefferson wrote later are contradictory. Therefore unreliable (Boyd, 1976).
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